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Hasankeyf Castle was built on a solid rock mass at an average height of 135 meters from the edge of the Tigris River. The Inner Castle, which is also called the "Upper City" with its walls and magnificent gates suitable for its natural structure, was built in IV. AD due to its strategic importance. It was used as a military base by the Roman Empire in the 19th century and continued to be used as a residential area until the 1970s.

It is seen that palaces were built for the families of the rulers at the most dominant points of the castle, where there are approximately two thousand houses. There are many houses and shops in the valley to the east and southeast of the castle, which can be described as cave dwellings. Although most of the houses here are carved into the rock, there are wells in front of many houses.

Another striking feature of the castle is that spring water was extracted here during both the Ayyubid and Artuqid periods. From the springs located at higher elevations than the castle, earthen pipes were placed on the ground from time to time; From time to time, the rocks were carved and water was delivered to the castle.

The first entrance gate of the Inner Castle, the walls and the main body of the Great Palace are from the Roman Period. There are works of the Artuqid State, which are Artuqid works such as the first structure of the Great Mosque, a part of the Great Palace and the water systems delivered to the castle, which gave the city its second identity. The image of the Upper City reflected to the present day is formed by the works of the Ayyubid Period. The Small Palace, a part of the Great Palace and the three castle gates were built or repaired by the Ayyubids. In Hasankeyf, which was a ruined and partially abandoned city during the Ottoman Period, the caves were reorganized and opened to settlement since the Citadel lost its character.